![]() ![]() The primary purpose of these guidelines is to minimize the side-effects of IV injection, by suggesting proper and prompt emergency measures for extravasation and the appropriate treatments corresponding to the properties of the injected drug. To prevent extravasation, a clinical specialist should perform the venipuncture or injection, who with relevant skills and management ability understands the properties of the injected drug. In severe cases, extravasation may cause tissue dysfunction or physical defects, resulting in a delay of attempted treatment, patients’ distrust, and numerous other issues. Common symptoms and signs of extravasation include pain, stinging or burning sensations, and edema around the intravenous (IV) injection site. With the practical use of these guidelines, it is expected to reduce the occurrence rate of extravasation and contribute to patient care improvement.Įxtravasation refers to the leakage of injected drugs from blood vessels causing damage to the surrounding tissues. The medical team’s continuous education on extravasation is essential. They should regularly check the extravasation kit, assess patients’ sensory changes, tingling or burning, and always pay attention to patients’ words. For prevention of extravasation, health professionals should be familiar with the extravasation management standard guidelines. The recommended application schedule for both warm and cold applications is 15 to 20 minutes, every 4 hours, for 24 to 48 hours. Although clear benefit has not been demonstrated with thermal applications, it remains a standard supportive care. Local cooling (ice packs) aids in vasoconstriction, theoretically limiting the drug dispersion. Local thermal treatments are used to decrease the site reaction and absorption of the infiltrate. At the first sign of extravasation, nursing intervention with following steps is recommended: stop administration of IV fluids immediately, disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, aspirate any remaining drug from the cannula, administer drug-specific antidote, and notify the physician. Management of extravasation includes nursing intervention and thermal application. Herein, general knowledge about extravasation is first described, including its definition, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and extravasation injuries. How - Use barrier between your skin and the heat source, limiting the treatment to no more than 10-15 minutes at a time to avoid burns.The purpose of these practice guidelines is to offer and share strategies for preventing extravasation and measures for handling drugs known to cause tissue necrosis, which may occur even with the most skilled experts at intravenous (IV) injection. Heat can increase range of mobility and can help with pain management, muscle and joint stiffness. This helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to the cells in the area being treated, contributing to healing. ![]() ![]() Why – Heat therapy works by dilating blood vessels and increasing blood flow. What – Electric heating pads, hot water bottles, microwaveable bean bags or gel packs. When – Heat is the recommended treatment for chronic, longer lasting problems, specifically when there is tension or tightness to be loosened. Use a Heating Pad or Pack for Muscle Pain or Stiffness How - Cold therapy should be applied every couple of hours for approximately 10-15 minutes at a time. IMPORTANT: Always remember to protect your skin with a barrier between you and the cooling agent. Why – Cooling agents help narrow the blood vessels which decrease blood flow, reduce swelling to the injured area and can be numbing effect for pain management. What – Ice pack, cold cloth, ice bath or ice massage. you sprained your ankle and 2 weeks later rerolled it). Cold is also a good choice if you reinjured something (ie. When – Cold is the choice if the injury is aching, even at rest. Use a Cold Pack for Acute Injuries & Pain Sometimes a single treatment will even include both. This is a really good question, one we hear quite frequently. As a general rule of thumb, use ice for acute injuries or pain, that may also involve inflammation or swelling. Use heat for muscle pain or stiffness. ![]()
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